STEM QUIZ

1. Structural Organization in Plants and Animals

• Plant Morphology & Anatomy: Flower symmetry (Actinomorphic/Zygomorphic), Inflorescence types (Racemose/Cymose), Leaf venation and phyllotaxy, Root systems (Tap/Fibrous), Vascular tissues (Xylem/Phloem/Cambium).
• Animal Classification: Levels of organization, Symmetry, Coelom. Key Phyla features (Porifera to Chordata).
• Vertebrates: Characteristics of Mammals, Aves, Amphibians (Frog anatomy), Reptiles.

2. Cell Biology and Biomolecules

• Cell Structure: Cell Theory, Prokaryotes vs. Eukaryotes, Organelles (Mitochondria, Ribosomes, Lysosomes, Golgi, Chloroplasts), Fluid Mosaic Model.
• Biomolecules: Proteins (peptide bonds), Carbohydrates (glycosidic bonds), Nucleic Acids (phosphodiester bonds), Enzymes (biocatalysts).
• Cell Cycle: Interphase (G1, S, G2), Mitosis (equational division), Meiosis (reduction division/crossing over).

3. Plant Physiology

• Photosynthesis: Pigments (Chlorophyll), Light Reaction (ATP/NADPH production), Dark Reaction (Calvin Cycle/${\mathrm{CO}}_2$ fixation).
• Respiration: Glycolysis, Krebs Cycle, Electron Transport Chain.
• Growth Regulators: Auxins, Gibberellins, Cytokinins, Ethylene, Abscisic Acid.

4. Human Physiology

• Digestion & Excretion: Digestive organs (Stomach/Liver/Intestine), Kidney function (Nephrons/Loop of Henle/Urine concentration).
• Breathing & Circulation: Gas exchange (Alveoli), Blood composition (RBC/WBC/Platelets), Heart structure (Double circulation).
• Locomotion & Coordination: Skeletal system (Axial/Appendicular), Muscle contraction (Sliding filament theory), Neural system (Neuron/Brain parts), Endocrine system (Pituitary/Thyroid/Adrenal/Pancreas hormones).