Chemistry Curriculum for Quiz – Level 4
1. Foundations of Chemistry
- Matter & Measurement: Classification (Elements/Compounds/Mixtures), SI Units, Precision vs. Accuracy, Significant Figures.
- Chemical Laws & Stoichiometry: Laws of Combination (Mass Conservation, Definite/Multiple Proportions, Avogadro’s Law). Mole Concept, Molar Mass, Stoichiometry (Balancing equations, Limiting Reagents).
- Concentration Terms: Molarity, Molality, Mole Fraction, Mass Percentage.
2. Atomic Structure
- Particles & Models: Discovery of Electron/Proton/Neutron. Thomson’s, Rutherford’s, and Bohr’s Models.
- Quantum Mechanical Model: Dual nature of matter (de Broglie, Heisenberg). Quantum numbers, Orbitals, Electronic Configuration rules (Aufbau, Pauli, Hund).
3. States of Matter & Thermodynamics
- Gases: Gas Laws (Boyle’s, Charles’s, Ideal Gas Equation), Kinetic Molecular Theory, Real vs. Ideal Gases (Van der Waals equation).
- Solids: Crystalline vs. Amorphous, Unit Cells (SCC, BCC, FCC), Crystal Lattices, Voids, Packing Efficiency.
- Thermodynamics:
- First Law: Internal Energy, Enthalpy, Heat Capacity, Thermochemistry (Bond/Formation Enthalpy).
- Second & Third Laws: Entropy, Gibbs Free Energy (Spontaneity).
4. Equilibrium
- Chemical: Equilibrium Constant ($K_c, K_p$), Law of Mass Action, Le Chatelier’s Principle.
- Ionic: Acids/Bases, pH, Salt Hydrolysis, Buffer Solutions, Solubility Product.
5. Inorganic Chemistry (s-Block Elements)
- Alkali Metals (Group 1): Physical trends, Reactivity, Compounds of Sodium (Carbonate, Hydroxide).
- Alkaline Earth Metals (Group 2): Solubility trends, Compounds of Calcium (Quicklime, Plaster of Paris, Cement).
- Anomalous Behavior: Lithium and Beryllium.
6. Organic Chemistry (Oxygen-Containing Compounds)
- Alcohols: Preparation (Hydration, Fermentation), Reactions (Oxidation, Esterification).
- Phenols: Preparation, Acidity, Electrophilic Substitution (Reimer-Tiemann, Kolbe’s).
- Ethers: Williamson Synthesis, Chemical Reactivity.
- Tests: Lucas Test, Iodoform Test.